Where Is My Resume

A résumé or resume^[a][1] is a document used and created by a person to present their background, skills, and accomplishments. Résumés can be used for a variety of reasons, but most often they are used to secure new employment.^[2]

A typical résumé contains a 'summary' of relevant job experience and education. The résumé is usually one of the first items, along with a cover letter and sometimes an application for employment, which a potential employer sees regarding the job seeker and is typically used to screen applicants, often followed by an interview.

The curriculum vitae (CV) used for employment purposes in the UK (and in other European countries) is more akin to the résumé—a shorter, summary version of one's education and experience—than to the longer and more detailed CV that is expected in U.S. academic circles.

In South Asian countries such as India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, biodata is often used in place of a résumé.^[3]

• 3Styles

History[edit]

The word résumé comes from the French word résumé meaning 'summary'.^[4]Leonardo da Vinci is credited with the first résumé, though his 'résumé' takes the form of a letter written about 1481–1482 to a potential employer, Ludovico Sforza.^[5][6] For the next 450 years, the résumé continued to be a mere description of a person and included their abilities and past employment. In the early 1900s, résumés listed things like weight, height, marital status and religion. It was not until 1950 that the résumé evolved into something more than words written on scraps of paper. By then, résumés were considered very much mandatory, and started to include information like personal interests and hobbies. It was not until the 1970s, the beginning of the Digital Age, that résumés took on a more professional look in terms of presentation and content.^[7]

Description[edit]

In many contexts, a résumé is typically limited to one or two pages of size A4 or letter-size, highlighting only those experiences and qualifications that the author considers most relevant to the desired position. Many résumés contain keywords or skills that potential employers are looking for via applicant tracking systems, make heavy use of active verbs, and display content in a flattering manner. Acronyms and credentials after the applicant's name should be spelled out fully in the appropriate section of the résumé, greater chance of being found in a computerized keyword scan.^[8] Résumés can vary in style and length, but should always contain accurate contact information of the job seeker. A recent hiring simulation by ResumeGo concluded that a two-page resume was more likely to lead to being hired.

A résumé is a marketing tool in which the content should be adapted to suit each individual job application or applications aimed at a particular industry. The transmission of résumés directly to employers became increasingly popular as late as 2002.^{[citation needed]} Job seekers were able to circumvent the job application process and reach employers through direct email contact and résumé blasting, a term meaning the mass distribution of résumés to increase personal visibility within the job market. However, the mass distribution of résumés to employers can often have a negative effect on the applicant's chances of securing employment as the résumés tend not to be tailored for the specific positions the applicant is applying for. It is usually, therefore, more sensible to optimize the résumé for each position applied for and its keywords. In order to keep track of all experiences, keeping a 'master résumé' document is recommended, providing job-seekers with the ability to customize a tailored résumé while making sure extraneous information is easily accessible for future use if needed.

The complexity or simplicity of various résumé formats tends to produce results varying from person to person, for the occupation, and to the industry. Résumés or CVs used by medical professionals, professors, artists and people in other specialized fields may be comparatively longer. For example, an artist's résumé, typically excluding any non-art-related employment, may include extensive lists of solo and group exhibitions.

Styles[edit]

Résumés may be organized in different ways. The following are some of the more common résumé formats:

Reverse chronological résumé[edit]

A reverse chronological résumé lists a candidate's job experiences in chronological order, generally covering the previous 10 to 15 years. Positions are listed with starting and ending dates. Current positions on a résumé typically list the starting date to the present. The reverse chronological résumé format^[9] is most commonly used by professionals who are taking advancements in the same vertical^[10]. In using this format, the main body of the document becomes the Professional Experience section, starting from the most recent experience and moving chronologically backwards through a succession of previous experience. The reverse chronological résumé works to build credibility through experience gained, while illustrating career growth over time and filling all gaps in a career trajectory. A chronological résumé is not recommended to job seekers with gaps in their career summaries. In the United Kingdom the chronological résumé tends to extend only as far back as the applicant's GCSE/Standard Grade qualifications.

Functional résumé[edit]

A functional résumé lists work experience and skills sorted by skill area or job function.

The functional résumé is used to focus on skills that are specific to the type of position being sought. This format directly emphasizes specific professional capabilities and utilizes experience summaries as its primary means of communicating professional competency. In contrast, the chronological résumé format will briefly highlight these competencies prior to presenting a comprehensive timeline of career growth through reverse chronological listings, with the most recent experience listed first. The functional résumé works well for those making a career change, having a varied work history or with little work experience. A functional résumé is also preferred for applications to jobs that require very specific skills or clearly defined personality traits. A functional résumé is a good method for highlighting particular skills or experiences, especially when those particular skills or experiences may have derived from a role which was held some time ago. Rather than focus on the length of time that has passed, the functional résumé allows the reader to identify those skills quickly.

Online résumés[edit]

As the search for employment has become more electronic, it is common for employers to only accept résumés electronically, either out of practicality or preference. This has changed much about the manner in which résumés are written, read, and processed. Some career experts are pointing out that today a paper-based résumé is an exception rather than the rule.^[11]

Many employers now find candidates' résumés through search engines, which makes it more important for candidates to use appropriate keywords when writing a résumé. Larger employers use Applicant Tracking Systems to search, filter, and manage high volumes of résumés. Job ads may direct applicants to email a résumé to a company or visit its website and submit a résumé in an electronic format.

Many employers, and recruitment agencies working on their behalf, insist on receiving résumés in a particular file format. Some require Microsoft Word documents, while others will only accept résumés formatted in HTML, PDF, or plain ASCII text.

Another consideration for electronic résumé documents is that they are parsed with natural language processors. Résumé parsers may correctly interpret some parts of the content of the résumé but not other parts. The best résumé parsers capture a high percentage of information regarding location, names, titles, but are less accurate with skills, industries and other less structured or rapidly changing data. Résumés written in a standard format are more likely to be correctly interpreted by résumé parsers, and thereby may make the candidate more findable.

One advantage for employers to online résumés is the significant cost saving compared to traditional hiring methods.^[12] Another is that potential employers no longer have to sort through massive stacks of paper.

Infographic, video and website résumés[edit]

As the Internet becomes more driven by multimedia, job-seekers have sought to take advantage of the trend by moving their résumés away from the traditional paper and email media to website résumés or e-résumés^[13].

Video, infographic, and even Vine résumés have gained popularity, though mainly in the creative and media industries.^[14]

This trend has attracted criticism from human resources management professionals, who warn that this may be a passing fad and point out that multimedia-based résumés may be overlooked by recruiters whose workflow is designed only to accommodate a traditional résumé format.^[15]

Résumé evaluation[edit]

Many résumé development agencies offer résumé evaluation services wherein they evaluate the résumé and suggest any necessary changes. Candidates are free to either do those changes themselves or may take help of the agency itself. Some career fields include a special section listing the lifelong works of the author: for computer-related fields, the softography; for musicians and composers, the discography; for actors, a filmography.

Keeping résumés online has become increasingly common for people in professions that benefit from the multimedia and rich detail that are offered by an HTML résumé, such as actors, photographers, graphic designers, developers, dancers, etc.^[16] Job seekers are finding an ever-increasing demand to have an electronic version of their résumé available to employers and professionals who use Internet recruiting.^[17] Online résumé distribution services have emerged to allow job seekers to distribute their résumés to numerous employers of their choice through email.^[18]

Résumé as one part of a personal branding mix[edit]

In some sectors, particularly in the startup community, use of traditional résumé has seen a consistent decline.^[19] While standalone résumés are still used to apply for jobs, job-seekers may also view their résumés as one of a number of assets which form their personal brand and work together to strengthen their job application. In this scenario, résumés are generally used to provide a potential employer with factual information (e.g., achievements), while the social media platforms give insight into the job-seekers' motivations and personality in development.

See also[edit]

• Europass European Standardized model
• hResume – a microformat for marking up résumés on web pages.

Notes[edit]

1. ^US: /ˈrɛzʊˌmeɪ, ˈreɪ-, ˌrɛzʊˈmeɪ, ˌreɪ-/UK: /ˈrɛzjʊmeɪ/; French: [ʁezyme]

References[edit]

1. ^'résumé'. Merriam-Webster Online.
2. ^'Resume Define Resume at Dictionary.com'. Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
3. ^Sehgal, M. K. (2008). Business Communication. Excel Books. p. 392. ISBN9788174465016.
4. ^'resume'. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 9 March 2015. French résumé, from past participle of résumer to resume, summarize, from Middle French resumer
5. ^Pratt, Síofra. '3 Lessons Every Job Seeker Can Learn from the World's Oldest CV'. LinkedIn. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
6. ^'The Skills of Leonardo da Vinci'. Lettersofnote.com. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
7. ^'The 500-Year Evolution Of The Resume'. Business Insider. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
8. ^[1]
9. ^'Reverse Chronological Resume Format: Focusing on Work History, Growth - For Dummies'. Dummies.com. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
10. ^'What are the Types of Resume for Job [Applicable for all]'. Read Resume. 25 June 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
11. ^Garone, Liz (23 June 2014). 'To Print Or Not To Print'. bbc.com. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
12. ^'Career Advice, Find a Job & Salary Trends - Wall Street Journal'. Careerjournal.com. 3 October 2002. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
13. ^'Importance of an E-resume Online Resume'. Resume Master. 18 September 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
14. ^Shontell, Alyson (27 February 2013). '10 Resumes That Got Worldwide Attention'. finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
15. ^'Recruiters Tell Us: Do Résumé Fads Really Work?'. forbes.com. 18 May 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
16. ^'How to Write an Actor's/Singer's CV'. Kent University.
17. ^Presely, Eric (8 May 2008). 'An E-friendly Résumé in 5 Easy Steps'. cnn.com.
18. ^Burdick, Cody (17 March 2016). 'The Future of the Resume'. Tampa Bay Times.
19. ^Lawrence, Daina (5 June 2014). 'Is The Resume Dead?'. forbes.com. Retrieved 25 June 2014.

Bibliography[edit]

The dictionary definition of curriculum vitae at Wiktionary

• Bennett, Scott A. The Elements of Résumé Style: Essential Rules and Eye-Opening Advice for Writing Résumés and Cover Letters that Work. AMACOM, 2005 ISBN0-8144-7280-X.
• Whitcomb, Susan Britton. Resume Magic: Trade Secrets of a Professional Resume Writer, Third Edition. JIST Publishing, 2006. ISBN978-1-59357-311-9.
• Thiollet, Jean-Pierre.Euro CV, Paris, Top Editions, 1997. ISBN2-87731-131-7

(Photo: Microsoft Free Clip Art)

“But I just want to hire a résumé writer. Can’t you just rewrite my résumé for me?” she pleaded.

Thus ended my conversation with a woman who had called to inquire about hiring me as a career coach. She didn’t like the answer I gave her, which was, “No.”

Sometimes in our careers, as in life, taking on challenging tasks can lead to personal growth and learning. My potential client didn’t see it that way - she wanted me to do everything for her. Here’s the conversation (condensed) that led us down that discussion path… 

Jane (name changed):“I want to hire you as my career coach.”

Me:“Let’s first talk about the type of career help you’re seeking.”

Jane:“I just need you to rewrite my résumé. I don’t like my job so I want to find another position in a different industry. I haven’t updated it since I got this job about 10 years ago.”

Me:“Tell me why your job is making you unhappy, and what type of job would you like to have?”

Jane:“What do you mean?”

Me:“What jobs have you looked at and what are the areas in the job descriptions that interest you?”

Jane:“I haven’t been researching any jobs. And why should I look at job descriptions? I just want to update my résumé.”

Me:“Generally, the best way to update a résumé is to customize it to the position for which you’re applying. Doing this requires analyzing the job description and requirements and then tailoring your résumé to showcase your skills and accomplishments most relevant to the job requirements.”

Jane:“Can’t you just figure that out for me? I don’t have time to think about that stuff myself. My life is one tornado after another and I don’t have any time for myself as it is.”

Me:“Sounds like you must work a lot of hours or have quite a few family activities going on.”

Jane:“Um, not really. I can only work 40 hours a week because they hate paying us overtime. And I’m single and none of my family lives in the area.”

(Jumping to the end of our discussion…)

Me: Let me see if I understand what you're saying. You no longer enjoy your current job or industry. You don’t know what you’d like to do next, and, you don’t want explore this yourself. You don’t have the time or interest in looking at posted positions to determine which jobs are of interest. You want to hire someone to rewrite your résumé without actually having to be involved in the process yourself.”

Jane:“Exactly! Now you understand.”

Me:“Unfortunately, that’s not how I conduct my career coaching practice. I cannot rewrite your résumé without your participation. Updating your résumé means we spend time analyzing your skills, experience, education and abilities. It requires uncovering your strengths and weaknesses as well as looking at potential industries and jobs of interest to you. It includes analyzing the job descriptions for which you’d like to apply and targeting your résumé to the requirements of those positions. I can guide you and assist you throughout this process, but it requires your active participation.”

Our discussion ended after I turned “Jane” down as a client. No matter what I said, she could not understand why she needed to participate for the process to be effective – and she wasn’t the first person I’ve encountered with this attitude.

For anyone who wants to hire a “résumé writer” – I offer the following thoughts:

• Writing or rewriting your résumé can be a challenge, but life is about challenges and about learning from them. It is through challenges that we grow the most.
• You may believe you have little to no time in your life for career development activities, but consider the karmic idea that forcing yourself to carve out “me time” is how you’ll be able to overcome any swirling chaos around you.
• Before trying to write or rewrite your résumé, take the time to define your career aspirations and to look at industries and jobs of interest. Also, consider your strengths and weaknesses and how you match up against the job requirements.

Your career requires your active participation and you need to be the captain of your own ship. Do not hand off your career development responsibilities to someone else. Seek others for guidance, not for ownership.

~ Lisa Quast

Speak up! Join me on Twitter and Facebook

Photo credit: Microsoft Free Clip Art

“But I just want to hire a résumé writer. Can’t you just rewrite my résumé for me?” she pleaded.

Thus ended my conversation with a woman who had called to inquire about hiring me as a career coach. She didn’t like the answer I gave her, which was, “No.”

Sometimes in our careers, as in life, taking on challenging tasks can lead to personal growth and learning. My potential client didn’t see it that way - she wanted me to do everything for her. Here’s the conversation (condensed) that led us down that discussion path…

Jane (name changed):“I want to hire you as my career coach.”

Me:“Let’s first talk about the type of career help you’re seeking.”

Jane:“I just need you to rewrite my résumé. I don’t like my job so I want to find another position in a different industry. I haven’t updated it since I got this job about 10 years ago.”

Me:“Tell me why your job is making you unhappy, and what type of job would you like to have?”

Jane:“What do you mean?”

Me:“What jobs have you looked at and what are the areas in the job descriptions that interest you?”

Jane:“I haven’t been researching any jobs. And why should I look at job descriptions? I just want to update my résumé.”

Me:“Generally, the best way to update a résumé is to customize it to the position for which you’re applying. Doing this requires analyzing the job description and requirements and then tailoring your résumé to showcase your skills and accomplishments most relevant to the job requirements.”

Jane:“Can’t you just figure that out for me? I don’t have time to think about that stuff myself. My life is one tornado after another and I don’t have any time for myself as it is.”

Me:“Sounds like you must work a lot of hours or have quite a few family activities going on.”

Jane:“Um, not really. I can only work 40 hours a week because they hate paying us overtime. And I’m single and none of my family lives in the area.”

(Jumping to the end of our discussion…) Astrology for beginners free for beginners.

Me: Let me see if I understand what you're saying. You no longer enjoy your current job or industry. You don’t know what you’d like to do next, and, you don’t want explore this yourself. You don’t have the time or interest in looking at posted positions to determine which jobs are of interest. You want to hire someone to rewrite your résumé without actually having to be involved in the process yourself.”

Jane:“Exactly! Now you understand.”

Me:“Unfortunately, that’s not how I conduct my career coaching practice. I cannot rewrite your résumé without your participation. Updating your résumé means we spend time analyzing your skills, experience, education and abilities. It requires uncovering your strengths and weaknesses as well as looking at potential industries and jobs of interest to you. It includes analyzing the job descriptions for which you’d like to apply and targeting your résumé to the requirements of those positions. I can guide you and assist you throughout this process, but it requires your active participation.”

Our discussion ended after I turned “Jane” down as a client. No matter what I said, she could not understand why she needed to participate for the process to be effective – and she wasn’t the first person I’ve encountered with this attitude.

For anyone who wants to hire a “résumé writer” – I offer the following thoughts:

• Writing or rewriting your résumé can be a challenge, but life is about challenges and about learning from them. It is through challenges that we grow the most.
• You may believe you have little to no time in your life for career development activities, but consider the karmic idea that forcing yourself to carve out “me time” is how you’ll be able to overcome any swirling chaos around you.
• Before trying to write or rewrite your résumé, take the time to define your career aspirations and to look at industries and jobs of interest. Also, consider your strengths and weaknesses and how you match up against the job requirements.

Your career requires your active participation and you need to be the captain of your own ship. Do not hand off your career development responsibilities to someone else. Seek others for guidance, not for ownership.

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~ Lisa Quast

Speak up! Join me on Twitter and Facebook

Photo credit: Microsoft Free Clip Art